GREATER TROCHANTERIC PAIN SYNDROME
Welcome to Hart Physio’s patient resource about Trochanteric Bursitis of the Hip. A common spot for bursitis is on the side of the hip. Here a large tendon passes over the bony bump on the side of the hip. The bony bump is called the greater trochanter. Inflammation in the bursa between the tendon and the greater trochanter is called trochanteric bursitis. This problem is common in older individuals. It may also occur in younger patients who are extremely active in exercises such as walking, running, or biking.
This guide will help you understand the following:
- how trochanteric bursitis develops
- how doctors diagnose the condition
- what treatments are available
Where is the trochanteric bursa and what does it do?
The hip joint is one of the true ball-and-socket joints of the body. The greater trochanter is the large bump on the outside of the upper end of the femur. This bump is the point where the large buttock muscles that move the hip connect to the femur. The gluteus maximus is the largest of these muscles.
Where friction occurs between muscles, tendons, and bones, there is usually a structure called a bursa. A bursa is a thin sac of tissue that contains fluid to lubricate the area and reduce friction. The bursa is a normal structure.
Why do I have this problem?
Sometimes a bursa can become inflamed (swollen and irritated) because of too much friction or because of an injury to the bursa. An inflamed bursa can cause pain because movement makes the structures around the bursa rub against it. Friction can build in the bursa during walking if the long tendon on the side of the thigh is tight. The gluteus maximus attaches to this long tendon. As you walk, the gluteus maximus pulls this tendon over the greater trochanter with each step. When the tendon is tight, it rubs against the bursa.
The rubbing causes friction to build in the bursa, leading to irritation and inflammation.
Common causes include
- A weak gluteus medius muscle
- Leg length differences
- Biomechanical stresses, such as running on a slanted surface
- Trauma, such as a fall on the hip
Most cases of trochanteric bursitis appear gradually with no obvious underlying injury or cause. The inflammation causes the bursa to become thickened over time. This thickening, constant irritation, and inflammation may result in the condition becoming chronic, or long lasting.
Symptoms
- Pain is normally felt in the area of the hip right over the bump that forms the greater trochanter. Eventually the pain may radiate down the outside of the thigh. As the problem progresses, the symptoms produce a limp when walking and stiffness in the hip joint.
At Hart Physio, diagnosis of trochanteric bursitis begins with a history and physical examination. Our Physiotherapist will also want to know when the pain began and which motions cause the pain.
Conservative Treatment
At Hart Physio, treatment of trochanteric bursitis usually begins with simple measures used to calm inflammation, and may include heat or ice applications. Our Physiotherapist uses hands-on treatment and stretching to help restore your full hip range of motion. Improving strength and coordination in the buttock and hip muscles enables the femur to move in the socket smoothly and can help reduce friction on the bursa. Time required for recovery and rehabilitation varies for each patient, but as a guideline, you may expect to attend Physical Therapy sessions for four to six weeks before full motion and function return. Younger patients who have this condition because of overuse can usually be treated by reducing their activities or changing the way they do their activities. Decreased activity, combined with an exercise program of stretching and strengthening, and perhaps a brief course of anti-inflammatory medications, will usually resolve the problem. Patients may also want to consult with their doctor or pharmacist regarding the use of pain relief or anti-inflammatory medication.
ORTHOPAEDIC REVIEW
If following the commencement of Physiotherapy treatment your symptoms are persisting the Physiotherapist may suggest an Orthopaedic review. Your GP or consultant may order X-rays to make sure that there are no other abnormalities in the hip. X-rays will usually not show trochanteric bursitis. If X-rays are suggested, they are to rule out other problems that may be causing your hip pain. Sometimes it is difficult to tell whether the pain you are suffering is from trochanteric bursitis or underlying arthritis of the hip joint. An X-ray may give more information about the condition of the hip joint itself.
An injection of a local anesthetic into the bursa can also help your doctor diagnose trochanteric bursitis. If the injection removes the pain immediately, then the diagnosis is probably trochanteric bursitis. Most physicians will also add a bit of cortisone medication to the novocaine to help treat the condition at the same time. Cortisone is a powerful anti-inflammatory medication. It can reduce swelling and pain when injected directly into the bursa. The injection will probably not cure the problem. But it may control the symptoms for months.
SURGERY
Although the vast majority of our patients with trochanteric bursitis never require surgery, if you do, our team at Hart Physio can provide a personalized post-surgical Physical Therapy program to help speed your recovery so that you can more quickly return to your active lifestyle.
The primary goal of all procedures designed to treat this condition is to remove the thickened bursa, to remove any bone spurs that may have formed on the greater trochanter, and to relax the large tendon of the gluteus maximus. Some surgeons prefer to simply lengthen the tendon a bit, and some prefer to remove a section of the tendon that rubs directly on the greater trochanter. Both procedures give good results.
